The emergence of YMDD mutants precedes biochemical flare by 19 weeks in lamivudine-treated chronic hepatitis B patients: an opportunity for therapy reevaluation

Given the loss of therapeutic efficacy associated with the development of resistance to lamivudine (LMV) and the availability of new alternative treatments for chronic hepatitis B patients, early detection of viral genotypic resistance could allow the clinician to consider therapy modification before viral breakthrough and biochemical relapse occur. To this end, 28 LMV-treated patients (44 ± 12 years; 24 men), on their first therapy schedule, were monitored monthly at four Brazilian centers for the emergence of drug resistance using the reverse hybridization-based INNO-LiPA HBV DR assay and occasionally sequencing (two cases). Positive viral responses (HBV DNA clearance) after 6, 12, and 18 months of therapy were achieved by 57, 68, and 53 percent of patients, while biochemical responses (serum alanine aminotransferase normalization) were observed in 82, 82, and 53 percent of cases. All viral breakthrough cases (N = 8) were related to the emergence of YMDD variants observed in 7, 21, and 35 percent of patients at 6, 12, and 18 months, respectively. The emergence of these variants was not associated with viral genotype, HBeAg expression status, or pretreatment serum alanine aminotransferase levels. The detection of resistance-associated mutations was observed before the corresponding biochemical flare (41 ± 14 and 60 ± 15 weeks) in the same individuals. Then, if highly sensitive LMV drug resistance testing is carried out at frequent and regular intervals, the relatively long period (19 ± 2 weeks) between the emergence of viral resistance and the onset of biochemical relapse can provide clinicians with ample time to re-evaluate drug therapy.

Radionuclide evaluation of hepatic hydrothorax

La cirrosis es una común enfermedad del higado con una gran morbosidad y mortalidad. Tiene varias causas siendo la mas frecuente el alcoholismo y las hepatitis viral C. El hydrothorax Hepático es una manifestación de hipertensión portal entre los pacientes con cirrosis de higado mas avanzadas, cuyo manejo es extremadamente desafiante, aunque frecuentemente ingrato, con resultado malo en la mayoría de los casos. Por consiguiente, un diagnóstico exitoso y eficaz, y un enfoque terapeutico es de vital importancia. El diagnóstico de hydrothorax hepático puede establecerse a través de la administración del intraperitoneal de un radiotracer, que es un simple, fisiológico, y menos invasivo metodo para evaluar a los pacientes con hydrothorax hepático. La migración en la cavidad del pleural confirma la presencia de una comunicación entre el peritoneal y espacios del pleural. Quince pacientes (8 mujeres y 7 hombres) de 32 a 69 años fueron examinadas y trece fueron positivos, mostrando comunicación entre las cavidades predominantemente del lado derecho; dos fueron negativos. Conclusión: Nuestros resultados están de acuerdo con varios autores. Mientras el Scintigrafia es un método simple y fisiológico, menos invasivo con buena sensibilidad y especificidad y da baja radiación al paciente, parece que podría ser recomendado como un chequeo en sospecha clínica de efusión del pleural de origen hepático.

Aspectos evolutivos da hepatite C pós-transfusional: revisão de 175 casos / Evolutive aspects of post-transfusion hepatitis C: review of 175 cases

O vírus da hepatite C é o principal responsável pela hepatite pós-transfusional e sua progressão para hepatite crônica, cirrose e carcinoma hepatocelular é muito comum. A fim de avaliar frequência, tempo e fatores relacionados à progressão da hepatite C, estudamos 175 pacientes com hepatite C pós-transfusional. Estes foram divididos em 2 grupos com cirrose (n = 92) e sem cirrose (n = 83). O tempo médio de desenvolvimento de cirrose foi de 11 ± 6 anos. Pacientes com cirrose eram mais velhos à época da transfusão, apresentavam maior prevalência de alcoolismo e tinham tempo de evolução mais longo. O prognóstico foi pior no grupo com cirrose com 28,4% de mortalidade e 9,1% de carcinoma hepatocelular, comparados a 5,5% e 0% no grupo sem cirrose, respectivamente. Concluímos que a hepatite C pós-transfusional é uma doença progressiva, que se agrava com o passar do tempo, progridindo mais rapidamente em idosos e pacientes com outros fatores de agressão hepática.

Hepatitis C virus is the main agent responsible for post-transfusion hepatitis. Progression to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma is very common. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency, timing and factors related to progression of hepatitis C. One hundred seventy five patients with chronic post-transfusion hepatitis C were grouped in a cirrhosis group (n = 92) and a non-cirrhosis group (n = 83). The medium time of development to cirrhosis was 11 +/- 6 years. Patients with cirrhosis were older at the time they received transfusion, used more alcohol and had longer times of evolution. The prognosis was worse in the cirrhosis group with a mortality rate of 28.4% and 9.1% of evolution towards hepatocellular carcinoma, comparing with 5.5% and 0% in the non-cirrhosis group respectively. It is shown that post-transfusion hepatitis C is slowly developing progressive disease which progress is much more rapidly in elderly patients and patients with others factors of liver damage.